Tuning Your Double Bass: A Beginner's Guide

When you start learning to play the double bass, usually your teacher will tune your bass in your weekly lessons. If you are learning at home, via the internet or simply can’t get anywhere to have it tuned, here is a little guide to help.

Why does a double bass go out of tune?

There are a few different reasons why your double bass may be out of tune. But, don’t worry - it really isn’t unusual for basses to go out of tune - it’s a part of daily double bass life.

If you’ve fitted new strings to your instrument, they will take some time to stretch and settle. With most modern double bass strings this is usually fairly quick, one or two days, but strings with a synthetic core or gut will sometimes take a week or two to settle. If you want to speed up the stretching process, practice and play! You’ll just need to tune more frequently.

Weather can have a massive impact on your strings and instrument. Even a small change in atmospheric pressure can do it. So can a change in humidity, especially when the air dries out. For us in Brisbane, we see a spate of broken strings and even broken bows at the end of Autumn and through early winter, when we have a really dry period. Remember, the double bass is made from wood. Actually, more than one type of wood. Wood expands and contracts with the weather, just as your front door can sometimes be sticky and sometimes might not even stay closed.

Bumps. If you have accidentally bumped or knocked your instrument against your stand, chances are you’ll need to re-tune your double bass. If it gets dropped or bumped hard, you will find the same thing. Carrying the double bass in your car boot can also deliver jolts that are unhelpful.

(Just an extra note here: If your double bass is bumped or dropped, sometimes the soundpost can move or fall down. If it falls, loosen the strings immediately, don’t play the double bass, don’t pass go - but do bring it into our Workshop or to a luthier near you ASAP to be re-fitted correctly. All sorts of damage can occur to the double bass if you don’t.)

Where do I start?

Your double bass is tuned by special screws at the top end of the neck, where they are fitted to the pegbox just below the scroll. They are called machine heads. 

The strings come up the fingerboard and over the nut (raised piece of ebony with grooves carved in it) and into the peg box. 

Each string is threaded through a hole its respective metal peg and winds around the peg as we tighten it. We turn each peg so the strings come over, not under it.

It’s important to be very careful when tuning or fitting strings. All strings, regardless of brand, are sold without a manufacturer’s warranty. This is due to the number of variables that can cause a string to weaken, unravel or simply snap. We’ve added some basic tips below to help with preventing some likely causes of breakage.

When tuning we also need to keep an eye on the bridge. Changing the tension of your strings, up or down, also changes the pressure on the bridge. It is costly to replace and can last several years in perfect shape only if we maintain it correctly while tuning. More on this later.

How to use your double bass machine heads

At the top of your instrument, the strings come up the fingerboard and over the nut (raised piece of ebony with grooves carved in it) and into the peg end of the machine peg, in the peg box. Each string is threaded through a hole its respective peg and winds around the peg end as we tighten it. We turn each peg end so the strings come over, not under it. 

Machine heads make your life easier when it comes to tuning! Unlike violin, or cello, you don’t need to worry about over tightening strings with the peg. It is easy to overtighten the string by tuning too quickly, so you want to avoid going too quickly. Using the pegs slowly and gently will ensure you don’t cause any unwanted damage to your strings or peg box. For these reasons, it is normal for the pegs to only be used if the string has gone too far out of tune for the fine tuner to correct.

How to check if your double bass is in tune

Ideally, you should bow a long, clear note; not too loud as that can sharpen the pitch, but not too soft either. If you are tuning for a child and don’t know how to use the bow, just pluck the string about halfway down the fingerboard: again, not too hard or too softly.

If you are musically trained, you can check the note against a piano, keyboard, tuning fork, pitch generator (often found on electronic metronomes) or even a pitchpipe. Otherwise it’s very easy to check the pitch using a chromatic electronic tuner or a tuning app on your smartphone, tablet or computer. 

Please note that because the double bass has such deep notes a standard violin/guitar tuner may have difficulty picking up the pitch correctly. You need a tuner that is specifically listed as chromatic. 

Using an electronic tuner or tuning app

Unless a particular string is loose to start off with, we recommend starting with your A string and working your way down through D then G, then back up to the E string. (This is how professional orchestras tune!)

The dial on your screen will show the pitch you just played. If you pluck the A string and it is actually in tune, it will show a digital letter A and the light will go green (usually it’s green).

If your string is slightly sharp (too high) it will be red or orange and will show some bars to the right. You will need to turn the fine tuner screw anticlockwise and pluck again until the light goes green. But it still must say that the note is A.

If you are too sharp, it might think you are playing A# or even B; if you’re too flat it could say assume you’re tuning to Ab or G. 

If you have to raise the pitch (sharpen it), firstly turn the machine head the opposite direction, to lower the pitch before you start raising it. Sometimes the string can be stuck to the grooves in the nut or the bridge, and immediately tightening could cause breakage. It’s best to loosen the string first to avoid this.

Then you can twist the machine head gradually to tighten the string, plucking it frequently to ensure you don’t overtighten it. Stop when the tuner tells you that the string is at the correct pitch.

NB: If your double bass was quite out of tune to start with, it’s likely that you’ll have to go through the whole process two or three times. This is because your strings are likely stretching and settling, and large changes create extra twisting on the bridge. Which brings us onto the importance of checking your bridge during the tuning process!

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Checking your bridge

Tuning can change the balance of string tension on your bridge. Bridges can develop an unhealthy curve or warp, usually towards the fingerboard, but sometimes back towards the tailpiece. Sometimes they can even twist out of shape!

During and after tuning, you should check firstly that the feet of the bridge are staying flush, properly planted flat on the belly of the double bass, and then make sure the top of the bridge is not bending while you tune. If it starts to move, you can try to straighten it with your thumbs on one side and fingers on the other. Just be careful to not flip the bridge over!

If you have any problems with this, don’t proceed: call, email, Facebook us for advice or bring your double bass to us and we will help you. We’ll show you how to tune and check your bridge safely at home too.

Get in touch with the string experts.

Protecting the strings

Always keep your strings clean. They will last longer and perform better. Usually, all you need to do is wipe them with a firm but soft cloth after playing. If there is a lot of heavy rosin build-up you can use an isopropyl alcohol wipe on the worst spots, but don’t let it touch the varnish on the double bass body. (Don’t use alcohol if you play with gut strings.)

Make sure you don’t bump the strings on anything - eg your music stand. We often see strings with small indentations caused by such bumps. These strings will eventually unravel and break.

Cut your fingernails often. Fingernails can cause damage to the strings. You need short nails to play a stringed instrument.

If you have the opportunity to check (because a string has become too loose), have a look at the nut and bridge grooves. They have probably been lined with graphite but it won’t hurt if you use a soft pencil (2B or softer) to line the grooves before you replace the string. This helps lubricate the groove, protecting the string from extra drag, and protecting the wood from damage by the string.

Some extra tips

If the machine heads are difficult to work with (clicking or simply not tuning at all), get in touch with us or your nearby luthier. They will most likely need to be inspected.

Keep your strings and the body of your double bass clean. Strings last longer and sound better if they are well-maintained. If the body has too much rosin and grime built up, your annual service will cost more because it takes longer to complete. Daily use requires a simple wipe afterward with a soft cloth.

It’s good to use a quality instrument polish to replenish the timber, especially the front of your instrument. The top is made of spruce which can crack if it gets too dry, which is why we see a lot more instruments with cracks on the front than on the back. Give your double bass some TLC all over each month and protect your investment.

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If you have a beginner model double bass, have you upgraded the strings? Did you know that strings can make a huge difference in the sound, in the double bass’s responsiveness to your bowing and in the dynamic range? Your whole learning journey can be made much more satisfying by fitting better strings. Beginner models usually have very basic steel strings as supplied by the factory. If you upgrade strings with us, we’re always happy to fit them for you at no extra cost.

Learn more about improving the sound of your instrument.

We hope this information helps you to tune your double bass! If you have any further questions, we’d love to hear from you.